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reading:the_47_years_of_muon_g-2 [2020/09/18 08:15] – Ce Zhang | reading:the_47_years_of_muon_g-2 [2020/09/18 08:58] (current) – Ce Zhang | ||
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- | ====The 47 years of muon g-2==== | + | =====The 47 years of muon g-2===== |
F.J.M. Farley, Y.K. Semertzidis | F.J.M. Farley, Y.K. Semertzidis | ||
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最近一次在BNL的 third muon storage ring 实验。最后比较了实验和理论的结果。 | 最近一次在BNL的 third muon storage ring 实验。最后比较了实验和理论的结果。 | ||
- | ===1. Introduction==== | + | ====1. Introduction===== |
+ | |||
+ | ===1.1 g factor=== | ||
旋磁比 $g$ 是一个系统的磁矩(磁动量) (magnetic momentum) 和其角动量 (angular momentum) 与拉莫因子 ($e/2mc$) 的乘积之比 | 旋磁比 $g$ 是一个系统的磁矩(磁动量) (magnetic momentum) 和其角动量 (angular momentum) 与拉莫因子 ($e/2mc$) 的乘积之比 | ||
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*/ | */ | ||
- | 1.1 EDM must be zero | + | ===1.2 |
All electromagnetic phenomena are explained in terms of electric charges and their currents. | All electromagnetic phenomena are explained in terms of electric charges and their currents. | ||
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一个更为概括性的规律是,对于一个宇称确定的系统,奇数阶的电矩(二级、六级)和偶数阶的磁矩(四级、八级)都必须为0. | 一个更为概括性的规律是,对于一个宇称确定的系统,奇数阶的电矩(二级、六级)和偶数阶的磁矩(四级、八级)都必须为0. | ||
- | ===2. 理论=== | + | ====2. 理论==== |
+ | ===2.1 QED === | ||
$$ | $$ | ||
a^{QED} = A(\alpha/ | a^{QED} = A(\alpha/ | ||
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目前最精确的精细结构常数值来自于电子($g-2$)的测量 | 目前最精确的精细结构常数值来自于电子($g-2$)的测量 | ||
$$ | $$ | ||
- | a^{-1} = 137.035 999 58 (52) (0.004 ppm) | + | a^{-1} = 137.035\ 999\ 58 (52) (0.004\ \rm |
$$ | $$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 将其数值带入muon $a^{QED}$表达式即可得到$a^{QED}$. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===2.2 EW === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===2.3 First order hadronic=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | a^{HAD1} | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | R(s) = \frac{\sigma(e^+e^- \to\mathrm{hadrons})}{\sigma(e^+e^- \to\mu^+\mu^-)} | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===2.4 Higher order hadronic=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===2.5 NP=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====3 Spin motion ==== | ||
+ | ===3.1 Precession at rest=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | 在磁场中静止的muon,其自选将按照角频率$\omega_s$旋转 | ||
+ | |||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | \omega_s = (g/ | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 相应的,衰变的电子的角分布也将按照同样的频率旋转。如果我们在一个指定方向测量衰变的电子数,计数率$N(t)$也将受到$\omega_s$的调制 | ||
+ | |||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | N(t) = N_0 \mathrm{exp}(-t/ | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | 该进动频率已经在磁场中被测量多次。磁场本身则可以由测量质子的自旋频率$\omega_p$来确定。比值$\lambda=\omega_s/ | ||
+ | 当然,$\lambda=\omega_s/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===3.2 Precession in flight=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | 在低速下,电子(muon)在磁场中的轨道旋转频率$\omega_c=eB/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | \omega_a \equiv | ||
+ | $$ | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Q: 为什么直接测量a比直接测量g(并和2比较)更精确?__ | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==3.2.1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==3.2.2 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===3.3 Pitch correction=== | ||
[[精细结构常数]] | [[精细结构常数]] |